Who identified the common logical errors in thinking as "perceiving the world as harmful while ignoring evidence to the contrary," "overgeneralizing on the basis of limited examples," "magnifying the importance of undesirable events," and "engaging in absolutist thinking"?

For each of the following, mark whether it is a possible confounder (a factor that mixes up the results, making it look like candy is to blame when it's a causal (or causation) link which supports the argument that candy causes criminal behavior (ie, explains how candy leads to criminality ), or neither (an irrelevant factor, something that may cause people to become criminals but has nothing to do with eating candy). choose your answers based only< on the information given. additives in candy- additives found in candy may adversely affect brain development of young children in ways that could contribute towards adult aggression. impulsive personality-- kids who are highly impulsive and have trouble delaying gratification are more likely to eat candy every day as children and more likely to disobey laws as adults. violent abuse-- children who suffer violent abuse are more likely to become violent adults and commit violent crimes. gender- boys are overwhelmingly more likely to commit violent crimes

Which of the following statements about the effects of subliminal stimuli is most accurate? subliminal stimuli have no effect on attitudes or behavior. subliminal stimuli can lead people to vote for political candidates they do not support. subliminal exposure to thirst-related words can lead thirsty people to drink more. subliminal stimuli can lead people to violate deeply held values.

What is the difference between the kurds and the shia muslims? a the kurds are a religious group while the shia muslims are an ethnic group. b the kurds and the shia muslims are religious groups. c the kurds are an ethnic group and the shia muslims are a religious group. d the kurds and the shia muslims are ethnic groups.