*aden and berbera were prominent indian ocean port cities.
letter from madmun ibn al-hassan, a jewish merchant in aden, to his brother in india, circa 1133 c. e. the letter was written in judeo-arabic, a form of the arabic language written in the hebrew script.
trade in the items referred to in the second paragraph is best understood in the context of which of the following?
a) the development of cash-crop plantations in india
b) the adoption of traditional african religious practices in the muslim world
c) the increasing demand for high-value goods and manufactures in afro-eurasia
d) the spread of literacy across the muslim world

Which of the following was not a factor that contributed to world war i? a. american neutrality b. nationalism in the balkans c. the system of overlapping military alliances among different european nations d. the rise of germany as an imperial power

Which is the best conclusion that can be drawn regarding the status of african-americans in the south in the late 1800s? a) african-americans made tremendous political, social, and economic advancements during the reconstruction era. b) passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the u. s. constitution guaranteed equal status and rights for all african-americans. c) the reconstruction policies enacted by the federal government were highly effective in african-american citizens transition to life after slavery. d) although african-americans had equal rights under federal law they were still economically, politically, and socially inferior to whites in the south during the reconstruction era.

What does one prolonged blast and one short blast mean?