)a rubber ball and a lump of putty have equal mass. they are thrown with equal speed against a wall. the ball bounces back with nearly the same speed with which it hit. the putty sticks to the wall. which objects experiences the greater magnitude of momentum change?

This question is not in its proper category. Anyways, the answer is the ball, the object that experiences the greater magnitude of momentum change is the ball.

earlier philosophers whose work influenced the enlightenment included bacon, descartes, locke, and spinoza. the major figures of the enlightenment included beccaria, diderot, hume, kant, montesquieu, rousseau, adam smith, and voltaire. it spread the ideas of the enlightenment across europe and beyond.

i think it is the third one.