Suppose that two individuals are sampled at random from a population and that the most recent common ancestor of this pair lived t generations in the past. find the distribution of the number of sites at which these two individuals have di erent nucleotides. hint: every mutation will result in one additional site at which the individuals di er.

no one should discriminated against because he or she is not from a minority group

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.