In 2008 the united states, as well as the rest of the world, felt the effects of the recession. after the collapse of the housing market, people lost their jobs and they quit spending money. many people could not afford their mortgages anymore and their homes went into foreclosure. for these people, it was a time of 12 options: 1) social stratification2) social inconsistency3) upward mobility4) downward mobility

4) downward mobility

Explanation:

Downward mobility -

The movement of any group or an individual reduces in term of the status , power or class , is known as the downward mobility .

This case is observed during the period of recession , when people lose their jobs and also the economy collapse , leading to a downward mobility .

hence , same case is given in the question , of the United States , in the year 2008 , therefore , the correct term is  4) downward mobility  .

so, colonists did not want to pay any taxes.  

colonists did not consider themselves british citizens.  

colonists felt no sense of obligation to britain.  

colonists objected to violations of their natural rights. are the answer choices?