If you usually listen to the 6 o'clock news while waiting for dinner to be served, you would tend to associate the news with dinner, and eventually the sound of the 6 o'clock news alone might cause your mouth to water even if dinner was not being prepared. this is known as a) instrumental conditioning b) classical conditioning c) conditional learning d) behavioral learning e) perceptual learning.

Classical conditioning.

Explanation:

Classical conditioning refers to the learning process that takes place when two stimuli are repeatedly paired. Eventually, the unconditioned response that was initiated by the first of the two stimuli (the conditioned stimulus) will be also be initiated by the second one(the unconditioned stimulus) even when the first stimuli is not present and it will have become a conditioned response.

In this example, you usually listen to the 6 o'clock news while waiting for dinner to be served. The first stimulus (conditioned stimulus) would be the dinner and the second one (The unconditioned stimulus) would be the 6 o'clock news.

After a number of times, the only sound of the 6 o'clock news makes your mouth water (conditioned response) even if dinner is not being prepared because, by classical conditioning, you've learned to pair these two stimuli and two have an answer caused by them.

b) trade is easy because of the direct line between their major ports. bilateral trade reached 89,6 thousand million.

the old way of life was represented by superstition, an angry god, and absolute submission to authority. the thinkers of the age of reason ushered in a new way of thinking. this new way championed the accomplishments of humankind. individuals did not have to accept despair. science and reason could bring happiness and progress. kings did not rule by divine right. they had an obligation to their subjects. europeans pondered the implications for nearly a century. americans put them into practice first.