The placebo effect refers to

(a) when an unintended "triple blind" design occurs.
(b) how people’s behavior can change because of their expectations rather than the treatments they receive.
(c) the problems associated with drawing causal conclusions in correlational research.
(d) how researchers can accidentally or unintentionally manipulate other dependent variables.

(B) how people’s behavior can change because of their expectations rather than the treatments they receive.

Example:

A doctor gives a patient a pill with no effects. They told the patient that it would make them happier. The patient thinks that it makes them happier anyway due to the placebo effect.

the arab empire adopted the muslim religion as their main belief. arabs would influence the people from the territories they invaded towards islam (the muslim belief).

nevertheless, throughout the history of the arab empire, rulers brought intellectual individuals from other religions to their centers of learning. these other foreigners included jews, christians, greeks, persians, and indians.   these resulted in the adoption of important knowledge developed by these cultures by the arabic empire. for example, the works of aristotle were translated from greek to arab and indian scientists brought the numerical concept of "zero" to the arabs.

nowadays, 93% of the arab population is muslim, which at the same time is subdivided in sects including the sunni, zaini, alawi, shia. the remaining 7% is composed mainly of christians.

bro these r easy u may have to do them urself bro. lol jk the answer is two for nimber one, and for question number two sahel boi xd have fun get rekt m8