Are leaders who use generic or ad hoc methods, in an orderly manner, for finding solutions to problems; this is often a process that leads to skills that can be learned, mastered and used and can result in reasoned conclusions based on a reasoned process.

Critical thinkers are leaders who use generic or ad hoc methods, in an orderly manner, for finding solutions to problems; this is often a process that leads to skills that can be learned, mastered and used and can result in reasoned conclusions based on a reasoned process.

Explanation: Institutional problems have their own nuances and are not of the same kind every single time. Hence, leaders need to handle problems wittily in order to assure the flawless functioning of the institution in which they hold responsible positions. Unconventional problems need out of the box solutions. Only a leader who has the ability to think critically about the nuances of the problem can come up with pertinent methods to solve such problems.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.