Backchanneling cues are best defined as

a) responses to indicate the listener’s degree of involvement while the speaker is talking
b) nonverbal behaviors indicating that the speaker needs to repeat or explain something he or she said earlier
c) unvaried responses that indicate boredom
d) metaphorical steps backing through a descriptive process

option A

Explanation:

The correct answer is option A

Backchanneling cues are the responses made by the listener which indicates that degree of the involvement while the speaker is talking.

Messages with which the speaker knows you're paying attention, the attention of the listener can be judged by the speaker by seeing the nod in agreement or say, "I see" or "Uh-huh".    

the arab empire adopted the muslim religion as their main belief. arabs would influence the people from the territories they invaded towards islam (the muslim belief).

nevertheless, throughout the history of the arab empire, rulers brought intellectual individuals from other religions to their centers of learning. these other foreigners included jews, christians, greeks, persians, and indians.   these resulted in the adoption of important knowledge developed by these cultures by the arabic empire. for example, the works of aristotle were translated from greek to arab and indian scientists brought the numerical concept of "zero" to the arabs.

nowadays, 93% of the arab population is muslim, which at the same time is subdivided in sects including the sunni, zaini, alawi, shia. the remaining 7% is composed mainly of christians.