Your friend, despite never taking a psychology class, insists that he knows all about psychology, because the results of all psychology studies are just common sense. try to convince him he is wrong by discussing at least 2 reasons/biases that demonstrate that psychology is not necessarily common sense or something you can know without studying. be sure to explain how and/or why these 2 reasons/biases demonstrate that psychological principles are not just common sense

In general terms, given that psychology is the study of how the human mind works, how it originates, develops, grows, and interacts with the environment and with other minds, saying that the study of this field is easy, and simple common sense, shows ignorance. There is absolutely nothing easy, or common sense, about the human mind, and even those who say, like in this case, that it is just "common sense", do not know themselves at all.

And in research, this blatant ignorance is being further displayed by the friend, when he says that psychological research, and its findings, are also common sense. From the very first theoretical roots of psychology, to the very last, what is today known is that the human mind, and discovering how it works, is still not fully understood and this is why psychology cannot be taken as "common sense". What a lot of researchers have come to find with their studies on the human mind, is that knowing what is being done, and why it is being done, is paramount to getting proper answers, and this is vital because psychological research guides most other fields of study, as it pertains to explaining how we, our minds, work.

If we just take the topic of biases in research on psychology, then we can show this friend how wrong he is. For example, there are many forms of biases in psychological research that can happen, and which, if the researcher is not aware of them, and how they play a role in final results, wrong theories may be given on how our mind works. One such bias is the response bias, where, a tool used to measure certains factors is done in a way that responses are not unique to the respondent but geared to satisfy a specific requirement from researchers. This will yield wrong results. A second bias, among the many that exist, is the samplin bias, in which, a researcher may choose the wrong size of a sample, and not represent the population, or select people in such a manner that the candidates are not in any way representatives of a larger group. This bias will ensure that results are absolutely invalid, and may cause more harm than good.

Like these two, there are many more biases that can happen to people who perform, or read, psycological research, and do not have the necessary knowledge to apply the proper techniques.

marginal cost is a microeconomic measure that us to evaluate the extent to which the level of production of a good is sustainable in accounting, that is, to how many quantities the company plans to profit from the production of the good.

the concept of marginal cost is simple, it means the cost of producing one more item. for example, in the case of pies, the marginal cost is the cost of producing one more pie than those that have already been produced.

it is important to understand that productive activity influences marginal cost. the marginal cost of some goods can be very high, while others may be insignificant. for example, the marginal cost of producing an extra plane is very high. already the marginal cost of a water company to provide 1l more water is derisory.

in the case of pies, the cost involves the inputs, the labor and the fixed cost, which involves the fixed space of the bakery. the level of production initially has the marginal cost decreasing because there is space and manpower available. however, to produce more you have to hire more workers and buy more inputs. if physical space is limited, workers will conflict with places, inputs and their productivity will decrease, meaning there is an optimum point of production for each level of space and manpower. from this point on, the productivity of the workers will be getting smaller because of lack of space, so that the marginal cost of producing one more pie will be increasing. so, although you have not posted the chart, but if you have the answer, you can see that my explanation goes according to the marginal cost curve that will increase from the 4th pie, answer (c).

its b i looked it up hope u get it right wish u luck