In a controlled experiment, rosenthal and jacobson (1968) informed grade school teachers that some of their students (called "bloomers") would show great academic improvement in the upcoming year. in reality, the "bloomers" were chosen randomly by the researchers, and were no smarter than any of the other students. which of the following best describes the results of this study? at the end of the year,
a. bloomers and non-bloomers performed equally well on an iq test.
b. bloomers improved more on an iq test than did non-bloomers.
c. non-bloomers improved more on an iq test than did bloomers.
d. there were no iq differences between bloomers and non-bloomers, but the bloomers were more interested in school.

The correct answer is B, bloomers improved more on an IQ test than did non-bloomers.

Explanation:

The theory behind this experiment is that the treatment you give each individual affects their performance. Once labeled as bloomers those students became more confident and interested in class. The teachers were also affected, for they became more interested and paid closer attention to those individuals. Rosenthal and Jacobson would call that a self-fulfilling prophecy. At the end of the experience, it was noted that the IQ coefficiency of those students randomly labeled as bloomers had increased. The special subconscious treatment they had received by their teacher played an important role in those results.

the earth’s crust is broken into separate pieces called tectonic plates (fig. 7.14). recall that the crust is the solid, rocky, outer shell of the planet. it is composed of two distinctly different types of material: the less-dense continental crust and the more-dense oceanic crust. both types of crust rest atop solid, upper mantle material. the upper mantle, in turn, floats on a denser layer of lower mantle that is much like thick molten tar.

each tectonic plate is free-floating and can move independently. earthquakes and volcanoes are the direct result of the movement of tectonic plates at fault lines. the term fault is used to describe the boundary between tectonic plates. most of the earthquakes and volcanoes around the pacific ocean basin—a pattern known as the “ring of fire”—are due to the movement of tectonic plates in this region. other observable results of short-term plate movement include the gradual widening of the great rift lakes in eastern africa and the rising of the himalayan mountain range. the motion of plates can be described in four general patterns:

collision: when two continental plates are shoved together

subduction: when one plate plunges beneath another (fig. 7.15)

spreading: when two plates are pushed apart (fig. 7.15)

transform faulting: when two plates slide past each other (fig. 7.15)

answer; (d) all of the above; 100%