Which philosophical underpinning in corrections is intended to cause vicarious learning whereby observers see that offenders are punished for a given crime and themselves are discouraged from committing a like-mannered crime due to fear of punishment?

Deterrence

Explanation:

Deterrence is the idea that threat of punishment will prevent people from committing a crime. Deterrence is a form of crime prevention. Deterrence works when observers seeing offenders being punished for their crimes are discouraged from commiting a similar crime due to fear of punishment.

In order for deterrence to be effective, the threat of punishment must be both credible and costly enough. Would-be criminals (and others observers) will calculate that breaking the law and risking punishment is costlier than respecting the law.

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