This is a political theory that individuals have privileges that no government can deny.

Natural rights

Explanation:

The political theory which believes that individuals have privileges that no government can deny is natural rights. With Locke as the main exponent, he was a firm believer that there are moral values and other aspects that should be understood as something inherent in the human race and likely to be understood through simple reasoning.

answer; the automatic system because it is a "gut reactor"  

answer; 11th circuit or federal circuit;