New professors often have to concentrate very hard to give a lecture, and monitor themselves carefully to make sure they're not talking too fast and that they are using appropriate and clear examples. more seasoned professors do not have to concentrate as much, and can talk clearly and engagingly, and keep an eye on students all at the same time. this example represents the transition from thinking to thinking as professors gain experience.

Controlled and Automatic

Explanation:

controlled processing:

It needs our full attention and efforts. it has been done consciously when we are attentive and aware of what we are doing. In other words, we can say that we think about what we have to think about what is going on and make decisions. We are in the control of these process

Automatic processing:

It does not require ant attention. we have to deliberately not so much need to put efforts. it occurs without paying so much attention. If practice something long enough, then it happened automatically. For example riding a car, bike, dance, sing. These all are the example of automatic processing in which we do not need to pay more attention to complete the task.

freeborn women in ancient rome were citizens (cives), but could not vote or hold political office. because of their limited public role, women are named less frequently than men by roman historians. but while roman women held no direct political power, those from wealthy or powerful families could and did exert influence through private negotiations. exceptional women who left an undeniable mark on history range from lucretia and claudia quinta, whose stories took on mythic significance; fierce republican-era women such as cornelia, mother of the gracchi, and fulvia, who commanded an army and issued coins bearing her image; women of the julio-claudian dynasty, most prominently livia (58 bc-ad 29), who contributed to the formation of imperial mores; and the empress helena (c.250–330 ad), a driving force in promoting christianity.

women in the ancient greek world had few rights in comparison to male citizens. unable to vote, own land, or inherit, a woman’s place was in the home and her purpose in life was the rearing of children. this, though, is a general description, and when considering the role of women in ancient greece one should remember that information regarding specific city-states is often lacking, is almost always from male authors, and only in athens can their status and role be described in any great detail. neither are we sure of the practical and everyday application of the rules and laws that have survived from antiquity. we do know that spartan women were treated somewhat differently than in other states. for example, they had to do physical training like men, were permitted to own land, and could drink wine.