According to the fourth amendment requirements, the government must first obtain a search warrant to search a particular area for particular items if there is a reasonable expectation of privacy in the area to be searched. the search warrant is issued only on
a. reasonable ground
b. benefit of assumption
c. probable cause
d. reasonable suspicion
e. substantive due process

c. probable cause

Explanation:

What is a probable cause ?

A probable cause is used to refer to what the police need to have as a tangible cause or reason before they can make an arrest or receive a search warrant.

This means that a courts must find tangible reasons or sufficient evidence that indeed there has been a crime that has occured for them to actual arrest that person or for them to require a search to be done in that particular place .

However under an urgent situation a probable cause can be enough reason for the law authorities to search the area without a search warrant, for example when there is a reason to believe that someone's life is in grave danger.

If someone is arrested under these circumstances (without a warrant present) he will quickly be brought infront of the judge who will have to determine a probable cause.

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the secretary of state, appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the senate, is the president's chief foreign affairs adviser. the secretary carries out the president's foreign policies through the state department and the foreign service of the united states.