Glueck and glueck concluded that
a. the disorganized neighborhoods in which delinquents tended to live was the primary cause of juvenile delinquency.
b. a poor family life - including the poor health, erratic discipline, and poor educational background of parents of delinquents - was the primary cause of juvenile delinquency.
c. poor school environment was the most important causal factor in delinquency.
d. biological and psychological factors, as opposed to social factors, were the most important causal factors in delinquency.