Fred volunteered for a sleep deprivation study. after he is deprived of sleep for two nights:
a) he is very likely to experience episodes of cataplexy.
b) he will feel refreshed and alert once he gets his "second wind."
c) it is very probable that he will experience disruptions in mood, mental abilities, reaction time, perceptual skills, and complex motor skills.
d) it is very probable that he will develop one of the most common dyssomnias, transient insomnia.

C) it is very probable that he will experience disruptions in mood, mental abilities, reaction time, perceptual skills, and complex motor skills.

Explanation:

Sleep deprivation refers to the partial or complete loss of sleep in an individual. They are the may cause of restlessness, fatigue, daytime sleepiness. The cognitive function of the body also gets affected due to sleep deprivation. The individual experiences a change of mood, loss of energy and increase in appetite. In the above case, Fred's loss of sleep is equivalent to sleep deprivation. He would experience several disruptions in the mood because of this.

answer; i believe that the correct answer to the above question is; (tariff)

as university of miami psychologists debra lieberman and adam smith pointed out in a recent article in the journal current directions in psychological science, humans have social and psychological mechanisms to deter incest. with very few exceptions, marriages between brothers and sisters and between parents and their children are verboten in every human culture. the primary psychological anti-incest mechanism is the yuck response. even the idea of sex with their mom or dad, bro or sis is upsetting to most people. the psychologist jonathan haidt has found that nearly everyone is repelled by the prospect of brother-sister sex, even in hypothetical situations in which there is no chance of pregnancy).

the biological cost of incest

this raises an interesting question: just what’s so bad about incest? sure, having sex with your dad or your sister seems gross — but why? some anthropologists have argued that incest taboos are learned social conventions. this explanation, however, doesn’t make sense to me as it does not explain the widespread existence of anti-incest mechanisms in creatures ranging from cockroaches to chimpanzees. second, the incest taboo is about as close to a universal law as human moral rules get.

why should mechanisms to avoid incest be so widespread both in nature and across human societies? the answer is simple. the problem with having sex close with relatives is that there is an astonishingly high chance that your offspring will be born with a serious birth defect.