Is a technique used to gain unauthorized access to computers, wherein the attacker assumes or simulates an address that indicate to the victim that the messages are coming from the address of a trusted host.

Spoofing

Explanation:

Spoofing is generally a deceptive or malicious technique where communication is sent  from an unidentified source masked as the recipient's recognized source.  

It is most common in systems of communication lacking a high level of safety.

It may extend to messages, phone calls, and websites, or could  complex,  including an IP address spoofing device.

c. taught scientists many new things about the earth, but not other planets.

explanation: