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how did the soviet invasion of afghanistan contribute to the fall of the soviet union?
the red army lost its strength and reputation.
the soviet union used nuclear weapons illegally against afghanistan.
the united states provided no military aid to afghanistan, thereby lengthening the conflict.
the soviet economy crumbled further due to the heavy military cost of the invasion
eventually, afghanistan managed to gain the support of many soviet satellite states.
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The Red Army lost its strength and reputation.

The Soviet economy crumbled further due to the heavy military cost of the invasion

Eventually, Afghanistan managed to gain the support of many Soviet satellite states.

(Most logical choice due to research)

The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan contributed to the fall of the Soviet Union as the Soviet economy crumbled further due to the heavy military cost of the invasion. In addition, the Red Army lost its strength and reputation.

Explanation:

The Afghan-Soviet War was an armed conflict between the Soviet-backed government in Afghanistan and a number of Islamic rebel groups that took place  from 1979 to 1989.

On April 28, 1978, the Afghan Communist Party conducted a bloody coup d'etat and assumed power in the country. Then the Communist government carried out land reforms, gave women the right to vote and replaced religious Islamic laws with secular laws. The reforms were moderate from a Western point of view, but radical from a local one. The rapidly growing Soviet influence combined with political repression and strong opposition to the reforms led to an extensive guerilla war against the communist-led regime with Noor Mohammed Taraki at the forefront. In 1979, the communist government arrested, expelled and executed many of the mujahedin rebels. Taraki was killed and soon after replaced by Hafizullah Amin. The Afghan government repeatedly asked the USSR for military assistance, but this was initially rejected by the USSR. However, on December 25, 1979, the Red Army marched into Afghanistan as Moscow feared that new President Amin should seek support from the United States. The Soviet Union therefore deployed a new government led by Babrak Karmal.

The Soviet-backed Afghan government then waged war against both Muslim and ethnic rebel groups. CIA and Pakistan supported Muslim rebel groups financially because of their opposition to the communist government. Saudi Arabia supported the rebels financially because of their Muslim background.

Maktab al-Khadamat (MAK) was an organization led by wealthy Saudi Arabian Osama bin Laden, who sent money, weapons and Muslim fighters into the country with the support and assistance of the governments of the United States, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Israel. In 1988, bin Laden and a number of other more militant members broke up with MAK and founded al-Qaeda to extend the fight against the Soviet Union to the entire world.

The Soviet Union withdrew its forces from Afghanistan in February 1989, but continued to support the Communist government now led by Mohammed Najibullah. The CIA and Saudi Arabia also continued to support the mujahedins. When the Soviet Union collapsed and support ceased, the government was overthrown on April 18, 1992 and an Islamic State was then created in September 1996.

the earth’s crust is broken into separate pieces called tectonic plates (fig. 7.14). recall that the crust is the solid, rocky, outer shell of the planet. it is composed of two distinctly different types of material: the less-dense continental crust and the more-dense oceanic crust. both types of crust rest atop solid, upper mantle material. the upper mantle, in turn, floats on a denser layer of lower mantle that is much like thick molten tar.

each tectonic plate is free-floating and can move independently. earthquakes and volcanoes are the direct result of the movement of tectonic plates at fault lines. the term fault is used to describe the boundary between tectonic plates. most of the earthquakes and volcanoes around the pacific ocean basin—a pattern known as the “ring of fire”—are due to the movement of tectonic plates in this region. other observable results of short-term plate movement include the gradual widening of the great rift lakes in eastern africa and the rising of the himalayan mountain range. the motion of plates can be described in four general patterns:

collision: when two continental plates are shoved together

subduction: when one plate plunges beneath another (fig. 7.15)

spreading: when two plates are pushed apart (fig. 7.15)

transform faulting: when two plates slide past each other (fig. 7.15)