The is a channel typified by the organizational chart, which is created by management to define individual and group relationships and to specify lines of responsibility.

Formal channels

Explanation:

Formal channels of communication are organisational channels that are developed by leadership to identify individual and group interactions and specify responsibilities.

A formal channel of communication sends data data such as an organization's objectives, policies and processes. Messages pursue a chain of control in this sort of communication channel.

swahili is an extremely rich and complex civilization, a set of ethnic groups articulated by a language and a series of cultural elements that fuse the african traditions, islam and indian culture. this growth was largely a result of the indian ocean trading network that brought in not just man-made riches, but also religious ideas, specifically islam, which had a significant impact on the local culture. furthermore, the development of the swahili language gave a common cultural unity to the people.