During the last half-century, the buying power of americans has and their self-reported personal happiness has
a. increased; remained almost unchanged.
b. remained almost unchanged; decreased.
c. remained almost unchanged; increased.
d. remained almost unchanged; remained almost unchanged.

a. increased; remained almost unchanged.

Explanation:

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.

answer; to be the responsible party for healthcare delivery through medicare and medicaid programs;