Three-year-old toni and her family got a new yorkie puppy last week. the puppy's name is maxine and it weighs only 2 pounds. her neighbors also got a new puppy, but they got a large-breed st. bernard. when toni went to her neighbors' home to visit their puppy, who weighed 15 pounds at only 8 weeks of age, toni refused to believe it was actually a puppy. toni was demonstrating
a) an underextension error.
b) a misuse of telegraphic speech.
c) an overextension error.
d) a phonemic error.

Acriterion for waiving informed consent is that, when appropriate, subjects are provided additional pertinent information after the study. in which of the following studies would it not be appropriate to provide subjects with information about missing elements of consent: a study in which researchers told students that they would be given a quiz after reading some study materials when the researchers did not intend to use a quiz, but were attempting to focus subjects’ attention on the material. a study in which subjects were told that they performed in the third quartile on an anagram task when in reality students were randomly assigned scores that were not related to their actual performance. a study in which subjects were assigned to study activities based on an undesirable or unflattering physical characteristic as assessed by members of the research team. a study involving decision-making games in which subjects were led to believe that they were interacting with another student in another room, but were actually interacting with a computer programmed to provide consistent responses to all subjects.

Janette goes into an electronics superstore to buy a new computer. the salesperson works with her to find the right model, and she agrees to buy a new computer for $500 and a floor-model 18-inch monitor for $100. just when she is ready to pay, the salesperson walks away for a minute and then comes back to inform her that the monitor she was ready to purchase can't be sold for < $125. she agrees to the extra $25 even though they had initially agreed on the $100 selling price. janette has fallen for the technique of gaining compliance.

What is your cultural heritage? what nonverbal behaviors are typically associated with your cultural heritage? which of those behaviors do you display? how might studying other cultures you be a competent communicator?