Economist richard thaler of the university of chicago notes that most economists consider arbitrage to be one way “that markets can do their magic.” briefly explain the role arbitrage can play in markets to work. source: richard h. thaler, “unless you are spock, irrelevant things matter in economic behavior,” new york times, may 8, 2015.

Urban growth invariably feeds increased commercialization and industrialization. it requires continually expanding land areas. when urbanization rates are high, and countries do not have the institutional and managerial capacities or economic wherewithal to manage such rapid growths, they exert intense pressure on the types and nature of the resulting settlements. they contribute to the development of overcrowded slums and shanty towns without adequate essential services and necessary infrastructure.-by asit k. biswas and cecilia tortajada