When sigmund freud (1930, p. 67) wrote, “it is at work in every living being and is striving to bring it to ruin and to reduce life to its original condition of inanimate matter,” he was referring to a) the ego. b) instrumental aggression. c) the death instinct. d) the nazi war machine.

B) instrumental aggression.

Explanation:

During the 20th Century, Freud hypothesized that people are born with a life instinct, known as Eros, and its counterpart (death instinct), known as  Thanatos, which leads individuals to act aggressively. In the case of instrumental aggression, he refers to a type of aggression implemented to achieve an objective, such as some reward or victory in a conflict.

answer; i do believe its (b) 12.5 years of age;

answer: intercourse

hope this