An individual's perceived competence in dealing with environmental challenges, demands, and opportunities is the greater this sense of competence is, the stronger the person's desire to seek out new and challenging interactions with the environment.

Answer

Ego effectance

Explanation:

Ego effectance start to developed since early age, when we began to gradually learn about our own skillsets and capabilities that influence the way we think about our competence in dealing with various type of problems in our life. This is a form of natural defense mechanism that human develop in order to cope with survival demands.

In general, children who had good source of positive motivation (such as parents who do not stop motivating them even when they fail)  tend to be able to measure their own competence in a more appropriate manner compared to children who don't have it.

Answer- An individual's perceived competence in dealing with environmental challenge, demand and opportunities is ego effectance.    

Explanation- Today and individuals competence towards nature to protect and to deal with environmental changes and challenges is very non rigorous. The lack of ethical norms and moral values have led to lack of competency towards nature.

A person’s desire to interact with nature increases with increase in competency which happens when more than one person works in favor of environment to help maintain balance with nature. A lot of motivation and ethics need to be instilled in an individual to bring competency in protecting nature.    

the correct answer is 2.

a slump in geology means a mass movement process of slope failure. a mass of rock or unconsolidated material drops along a slip surface. in other words, rock layers move a short distance down the slope. the slump block is an intact block (2), without any landslide material.

in this image, 1 is the surface of rapture (scarp), 2 the slump block, 3 main scarp (crown), 4 base of rapture with debris flow.

slumps are caused by clear cutting on unstable soils and the sagging of earth, in coastal areas they are due to wave infiltration.