Lobbying is defined as (a) the press's habit of waiting just outside congressional hearings to interview politicians as they depart (b) the movement of a bill back and forth between the house and senate (c) informal news conferences held by politicians on the steps of the legislature (d) appeals from citizens and groups to legislators for favorable policies and decisions

(D) appeals from citizens and groups to legislators for favorable policies and decisions

Explanation:

Lobbying refers to any type of effort made to influence officials, most often legislators, to create or vote for favorable policies and decisions. These attempts are very common in politics and they can be made by anyone: citizens, interests groups, associations, corporations, fellow legislators, government officials, individuals in the private sector, nonprofit organizations, etc.