In e. c. tolman's experiment, some rats were trained to run through mazes for standard food goals, while other rats were allowed to explore the mazes for 10 days without food goals or other rewards. later, when food rewards were placed in a box at the far end of the maze, the previously unrewarded rats reached the food box as quickly as the rewarded rats after only one or two trials. this experiment demonstrated that the rats had the ability to form of their surroundings.

cognitive maps

Explanation:

Cognitive maps refers to the representation of our surroundings or phenomenons that we store in our memory.

From the experiment above, the rats that explore the maze without reward remembers the path of the mazes just as well as the rats that explore it with reward. So, when they are tested together, their cognitive maps allow them to reach the destination at similar speed.

the correct answer is,because people are denied membership in churches of other racial and ethnic groups. good luck

explanation: