The long english tradition of figured prominently in the founding fathers' discussion of the ownership of firearms. a) police squads b) target practice c) aristocratic rifle associations d) militias

The English tradition is D) militias.

During the American Revolution in 1689, against the British control, the concept of right to own arms was introduced in the National Constitution of United States. As per the security aspect of a state, a well-regulated Militia is the people right. The power to regulate this right to own the arms belongs to the Parliament of the United States.

Unless, the crimes are committed, disarming the people is not permitted. These amendments are to safeguard the people in necessity of self-defense.