What is used to measure directly the average standard of living across countries?

The procedures for reporting potential unanticipated problems involving risk to subjects or others to the irb are: stated in the human subject protection regulations, but not in the drug or device regulationsincluded in the consent processdetermined by research staffdetermined by the institution in its written policies and procedures

The president of american systems announces that all employees will be going on a trip to san francisco. some employees like the idea and some don't. according to the component of attitudes, these evaluations reflect the feelings of the employees.

“dear sir: it is with great reluctance, i trouble you on a subject, which does not fall within your province; but it is a subject that occasions me more distress, than i have felt, since the commencement of the war; and which loudly demands the most zealous exertions of every person of weight and authority, who is interested in the success of our affairs. i mean the present dreadful situation of the army for want of provisions, and the miserable prospects before us, with respect to futurity. it is more alarming than you will probably conceive, for, to form a just idea, it were necessary to be on the spot. for some days past, there has been little less, than a famine in camp. a part of the army has been a week, without any kind of flesh, and the rest for three or four days. naked and starving as they are, we cannot enough admire the incomparable patience and fidelity of the soldiery, that they have not been ere this excited by their sufferings, to a general mutiny or dispersion. strong symptoms, however, discontent have appeared in particular instances; and nothing but the most acitive efforts every where can long avert so shocking a catastrophe.” what’s the central idea?