Through which clause did state governments become bound by the bill of rights?
the citizenship clause
the equal protection clause
the due process clause
the enforcement clause

The correct answer is C: The Due Process Clause.

Explanation:

From almost the beginning of the Union, and especially after the ratification of the Bill of Rights, in 1791, state governments insisted that the Constitution and the Bill only bound the federal government, but not them. As such, they were free to interpret and act as they saw fit. However, after the Civil War, and during Reconstruction, this was ended, when the Fourteenth Amendment was passed, in 1868. This Amendment held several clauses within it, including the Due Process Clause, which, according to a ruling by the U.S., Supreme Court, was the one clause that bound not just the federal, but also state governments, under the Bill of Rights. This meant that from that point on, state governments were not free to interpret the law as they pleased, without consideration to the Constitution, and they were bound, by the Clause, to fulfill the Bill of Rights.

The due process clause

Explanation:

answer; gender,race,age,/// (d) all of these;

answer; /// the rich had great responsibilities to society;