"in any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps: collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self-purification; and direct action. we have gone through all these steps in birmingham. there can be no gainsaying the fact that racial injustice engulfs this community. birmingham is probably the most thoroughly segregated city in the united states. its ugly record of brutality is widely known."

martin luther king, april 16, 1963

according to king,

a) there is no hope for the city of birmingham.

b) evidence points to many injustices in birmingham.

c) a nonviolent campaign usually ends up in brutality.

d) birmingham unites blacks and whites more than any other us city.

Which group had an easier time adapting to american life because of similar backgrounds?

Apopulation is a group of individuals of a single species existing together in an area. a population’s range, the area it occupies, changes over time. populations, in turn, may form a network, or metapopulation, connected by individuals that move from one group to another. within a population, the distribution of individuals can be random, uniform, or clumped, and the distribution is determined in part by the availability of resources. how might the geographic range of a species change if populations could not exchange individuals with each other? how would your answer depend on what type of metapopulation existed?

Afull irb committee meeting is convened and one agenda item is a new research proposal to evaluate how mothers interact with their learning-disabled child. the inclusion criteria require the children to be a minimum of five years of age. the protocol requires the mother of the child to look at the child without any expression and not to talk to the child for three minutes. the committee determined that the mother's required task may upset the child. the irb approved the study with appropriate language in the parental permission form regarding the possibility that children might become upset. after the start of the study, the principal investigator reports to the irb that, as expected, one of the children became upset. the incident was handled according to the protocol and the child is fine. what should the irb do with regard to this report?