Discrimination refers to: a. behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group. b. a negative (or positive) evaluation of a particular group and its members. c. consideration of individuals for their personal qualities and not their membership in a group. d. a set of generalized beliefs and expectations about a particular group and its members.

the correct answer is individualism and exchange. at this stage, children begin to question the rules, because they can see that there is more than one side to them. different individuals have different viewpoints. they won't be able to reach this stage because of ignorance, a lack of ethics or personal biases. that is because people with that characteristiscs are not able to distinguish what is good or what is bad and they can't pursue their individual interests.

that is alot i do not no