Psychology question: describe what may happen to individuals if they do not establish meaningful relationships in young adulthood.

According to a study in romantic relationship patterns by psychologists from the Population Media Center (PMC) published in 2017, the existence of intimacy in a romantic relationship during a person's young adulthood (18 to 25) is considered to be a critical positive factor in one's adulthood (26 onwards). The absence of this type of experiences will not only hinder an individuals development into this stage of life but also bring negative effects to the well-being of this person for the remaining years of his or her life.

Researchers have time and again highlighted the importance of strong interpersonal relationships in young adulthood.

Meaningful relationships can help people thrive. In a study, researchers state that thriving involves 5 components of well-being : happiness, having purpose and meaning in life, psychological well-being , social well-being, and physical well-being.

Adequate support, whether it is from a spouse, parent, sibling, friend or mentor can have a profound impact on the life of a person. There are two types of support that an individual can receive from a relationship. The first one is support during adverse conditions, which allows the person to grow and succeed in spite of stressful conditions.

The other type of support allows a person to thrive in the absence of adverse conditions by promoting full participation in life opportunities for exploration, growth, and personal achievement. Even in the absence of stressful situations, people need support to broaden their horizons , enhance their sense of well-being and this can be provided by meaningful relationships.

It is essential to mention that if people don't establish meaningful relationships, they can experience profound negative effects on their emotional well being, psychological well being and physical well being.

clearcutting reproduces a new even-aged stand by completely removing the mature stand.

clearcutting as a silvicultural treatment has several characteristics:

it causes a sudden environmental change

it removes the seed source from the regeneration area

the configuration of the clearcut may affect seed dispersal

it begins a new rotation

it will eliminate some pests that require forest cover

overall, it temporarily removes the forest cover, transforming the forest community and environment.

clearcutting followed by artificial (seeded or planted) regeneration has several advantages:

we can avoid delay in restocking the site

we can introduce a selected species, seed source, and genotype

we can control arrangement and spacing

we can achieve uniformity in the new stand

we can overcome the problems associated with securing sufficient natural regeneration.

the shelterwood method involves the removal of most of the mature stand at the end of the rotation, but a portion of the mature stand is left standing.   the shelterwood method serves three basic purposes:

to prepare the stand for production of abundant seed

to modify the environment in a way that promotes germination and survival of the selected species

to build up the amount and size of advance regeneration to ensure the prompt restocking of the new stand following overstory removal.

the shelterwood method involves a sequence of 3 cuttings:

preparatory cuttings: make the seed trees more vigorous and set the stage for regeneration. see our thinning page for more information.

establishment/seed cuttings: open up enough vacant growing space to allow establishment of the new regeneration.

removal cuttings: uncover the new crop to allow it to fill the growing space.

the residual trees in the shelterwood must:

be sturdy and windfirm

be able to survive exposure

flower and reproduce seed

be the best trees of the mature stand

keep in mind that the shelter trees must not occupy the entire site.   a void must be created in order to make room for the new regeneration. the amount of shelter to leave will depend on the following factors:

species characteristics (seeding and shelter requirements)

the number of cuttings in the cutting sequence (1, 2, or 3)

landowner objectives

the size of the area to be regenerated

the final removal harvest level required to be profitable

the shelter must be removed before it impedes the growth of the new stand or threatens its survival.

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