What effect did having a bureaucracy of scholar-officials have on the song dynasty in medieval china?

What effect did having a bureaucracy of scholar-officials have on the song dynasty in medieval China? It created a stable and efficient government. The position occupied by the scholar elite in Chinese society has led to social and political change in China. The virtues of the scholars were appreciated in times of cultural upheaval, when their role was to defend moral values. The imperial bureaucracy was the main road to success (academic). This bureaucracy was useful to the extent that placed the public good above the private. The art of the scholar was encouraged by the demands of Chinese society.

In the early Northern Song, the government bureaucracy was staffed entirely by scholar-officials (civil examination system). The counties, divided into provinces, were governed through an imperial bureaucracy of ranked degree-holding officials. Because the governmental superstructure was thinly spread, it was heavily invested in the binding social force and in the use of harsh punishment.

    racial conflict and discrimination has existed ever since man learned to kill with rocks and bones. these conflicts arose from disputes between territory, power, wealth, religion, or simple difference. some of the most infamous racial disputes include slavery, the holocaust, and the civil rights movement.

    these listed disputes often resulted in casualties from all sides. riots, wars, imprisonment, and lynching are all commonly associated with racial conflict on severe levels.

      however, racism is an improving issue in recent decades. people are being more accepting and welcoming of diverse populations. though, the world isn't perfect and it will take much more time, if ever, until the world is rid of racism.

dear friend:

  i hope this letter finds you in soaring spirits and vibrant health. as you had expressed the wish to know about culture, traditions, and unity of india in your previous letter, in the following lines i have tried my best to give you glimpses of our culture, traditions, and unity. you will be amazed to know that our culture is the oldest culture in the world and the birth place of hinduism, buddhism, jainism, and sikhism. you won’t find any other culture as varied and multi-colored, multi-lingual as ours. each region has its own unique culture, traditions, language. there are 22 official languages in india.

  basically, india is a spiritual country with orthodox traditions. for example the people of india believe in traditions set by their wise forefathers. arranged marriages, joint-family system, universal brotherhood, vegetarianism, celebrating festivals such as diwali, holi, eid, etc., are the salient features of our culture and traditions.

  another unique aspect about our country is ‘unity in diversity’. in spite of the multi-lingual, multi-religious, multi-traditional, multi-cultural society, people live peacefully together, respecting one another’s views, cultures, traditions, and differences. i am sure you would love to visit india soon, and have a first-hand experience of the multi-colored culture. give regards to uncle and aunt. do visit india with your family and experience our hospitality.

your friend,