Acost that stays constant is
a. a. variable cost
c. marginal cost
b. fixed cost
d. total cost

The correct answer is (b.) fixed cost. Fixed cost is a cost that stays constant or a process. This is an indirect cost that does not vary with the level of good and services that are produced by a business.

Old telephone. is prehistoric object

An informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.