Identify the two big breaks in the demographic transition and their causes

There is a demographic transition theory to understand the multiple population changes worldwide, that outlines changes in mortality, fertility and growth rates according to each stage or shifts in the population over time.

There are four stages in the demographic transition model:

Stage 1: Pre-transition; Stage 2: Early transition; Stage 3: Late transition; Stage 4: Post-transition;

and during the 2 & 3 transition stages, one can identify two big breaks:

facts: the 14th amendment

the 14th amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws.

the 14th amendment was intended to protect the rights of former slaves after the american civil war.

the 14th amendment was approved by congress in june of 1866 and ratified by the states on july 9, 1868.

the 14th amendment establishes that all persons born in the united states are citizens and are guaranteed all the rights of citizenship.

the 14th amendment establishes that the law protects all citizens equally.

in this case the passage of the 14th amendment   that was violated was the last part in which it states that there is equal protection of the law.