In soviet russia, it was a common practice to edit old photographs to reflect the current political mood, and to treat the doctored photos as representations of reality, rather than modifications of it. for example, stalin's friends who turned into his enemies were cut out of pictures with him. these pictures were examples of:

The correct answer is simulacrum. This is a very complex term that describes an representation or an image of something. We can not state that simulacrum is not true. Perfect example of this are today 'fake news'. They do not conceal the truth, it is the truth that conceals that there is no actual truth and that everything is relative. Therefore, the simulacrum is actually true.

answer; participant observation method;

answer; the above statement is (false);