Aparent gives a 3-year-old a cookie. the child says, "i want two cookies." the parent breaks the cookie in half and hands the two pieces to the child, who happily accepts them.

This is what is reffered to as empathy.

The child is in Piaget's pre-operational stage.

Explanation:

This stage begins at the age of 2 and continues until the age of 7. As the name states, the child is not yet ready to form concrete operations and  understand logic, which means that he/she still cannot fully manipulate information mentally.

A person who has passed this stage can comprehend that a cookie cut in half is still one cookie because that person understand reversibility, which is to go backwards on a central idea to its origin.

So, if the cookie is cut in half, the person can go back on the thought that the cookie is still one, not two. A child in the pre-operational stage does not understand this concept yet, therefore he/she thinks that he/she now has two cookies.

the united states constitution is the supreme law of the united states. the constitution, originally comprising seven articles, delineates the national frame of government. its first three articles embody the doctrine of the separation of powers, whereby the federal government is divided into three branches: the legislative, consisting of the bicameral congress; the executive, consisting of the president; and the judicial, consisting of the supreme court and other federal courts. articles four, five and six embody concepts of federalism, describing the rights and responsibilities of state governments, the states in relationship to the federal government, and the shared process of constitutional amendment. article seven establishes the procedure subsequently used by the thirteen states to ratify it. it is regarded as the oldest written and codified national constitution in force.