What do scientists often create when they cannot easily study the real thing a. a theory b. a model c. a trend d. a dependent variable

- "sack of constantinople, (april 1204). the diversion of the fourth crusade from the holy land to attack, capture, and pillage the byzantine city of constantinople divided and dissipated the efforts of the christians to maintain the war against the muslims. the fourth crusade was corrupted from its purpose early on."

- "the crusades were a series of religious wars undertaken by the latin church. the first crusade arose after a call to arms in 1095 sermons by pope urban ii. the first crusade unleashed a wave of impassioned, pious catholic fury, which was of constantinople, the capital of the christian-controlled byzantine empire."

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the secretary of state, appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the senate, is the president's chief foreign affairs adviser. the secretary carries out the president's foreign policies through the state department and the foreign service of the united states.