The following powers are all granted to both state and federal government except which one?
a. establish a tax
b. build roads
c. establish courts
d. deny people the right to vote based on race, color, or gender

The following powers (establish a tax, build roads, establish courts) are all granted to both state and federal government except deny people the right to vote based on race, color, or gender. 

An informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.