What effects did portuguese trade routes have on west africa ? answer immediately

Direct trade between the portuguese and coastal people of west africa bypassed the routes across the sahara and pulled the coastal region into a closer relationship with Europe.

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question- which is one way that muslims scholars contributed to the scientific recolution?

answer- well you see in the religion islam the religion muslims practice there was the prophet muahmmed peace be upon him who did good things such as sit in a sertian posotion to use the toilet which then the scientist of this generation later found that it was good for you there are many more things like this.

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answer; /// the rich had great responsibilities to society;