Research in which existing data, such as census documents, college records, and newspaper clippings, are examined to test a hypothesis is known as

I believe the answer is: Archival research

In the past the data for Archival research could be easily accessed by public through things such such as documents on repository or books/articles kept in library. Now days, archival research could be done by everyone through the internet from the comfort of their own home.

the supreme court plays a big role in government. the constitution gives them ability to check the president and the congresses actions and dictate if their actions are allowed by the constitution or not.

hope this .