Robbie and brent are both coaches for a city youth baseball league which has recently experienced a five game losing streak. robbie is concerned that the team is not practicing enough while brent thinks that it is just a slump. the discrepancy within their thoughts is explained by

I believe the answer is : Perceptual issue

Perceptual issue referring to the issue that created because of the different angle in the way people see a certain situation. From the example above, Robbie choose to perceive his situation objectively and focused on the things that he can change to change the situation. Brent on the other hand took a self-defeating approach and choose to run away from the situation altogether.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.        

answer; silence;