Perception that is guided by higher-level knowledge, experience, expectations, and motivations is known as: select one: a. horizontal processing. b. bottom-up processing. c. top-down processing. d. diagonal processing.

The answer is "c. Top-down processing."

Top-down processing alludes to how our brains make utilization of data that has just been brought into the mind by at least one of the tangible frameworks. Top-down processing is a psychological procedure that starts with our musings, which stream down to bring down level capacities, for example, the faculties. This is as opposed to bottom-up processing , which is the procedure of the faculties giving data about the environment up to the brain.

answer: ‘no one should be discriminated against because he or she is not from a minority group’

because—> affirmative action means ‘a policy or program that provides opportunities for traditionally disadvantaged groups to them overcome the effects of discrimination’