Does madison have an optimistic or pessimistic view of human nature? how did this viewpoint impact the drafting of the constitution?

Madison had a pessimistic view on human nature. He believed that people are inherently driven by self-interest. In his view, if humans were good, then government would not even be necessary. Given that people were naturally self-interested, Madison considered it necessary to reflect this in government.

His view impacted the drafting of the Constitution given that it included principles that were aimed at mitigating against the self-interested nature of humans. This include the principles of  Separation of powers, checks and balances, federalism aimed at ensuring that there was no single center of power.

okay? wahts the question

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.