Today was samantha's birthday, and her friends were taking her out for a surprise evening. it was hard enough to pay attention to speeches on a hot afternoon, but samantha's mind kept wandering to what her friends might be planning—and who might be coming. according to your textbook, the most important cause of samantha's poor listening was

According to your textbook, the most important cause of Samantha's poor listening was  "not concentrating".

Listening is the demonstration of hearing. As it were we can state that listening is the action through which we speak with other individuals, to get messages. In our every day life we listen more than we talk. So! listening is essential for us to comprehend what is said by speaker. Anyway it is hard to listen everybody mindfully all the time since it requires a great deal of training.  

Low concentration, or not giving careful consideration to speakers, is unfavorable to successful tuning in. It can result from different mental or physical circumstances.

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.