The criticism that "the theory fails to fully describe the process by which crime is learned" is most often heard in relation to which theory?

I believe the answer is: Social learning theory

Social learning views all behaviours that acquired by individuals happen because of the long process of observation and imitation of our surrounding.

When we view crimes with this theory, we can make the hypothesis that crime happens because the criminals are used to see it happen in their living environment. Which is why crime rate usually differ between one cities to another.

answer; ///i believe the correct answer is the empire state building;

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.