Why might it be appropriate to equate civilization with state control?

Because civilization requires rules, basically. Rules are made by an entity higher than ourself, so first there were cities, and then those cities unite together in a state. The state is the entity who has the authority to set rules in order to mantain  order and peace in the territories under its authority. So, civilization equate state control because without state control we don't have a civilization.

answer: ‘no one should be discriminated against because he or she is not from a minority group’

because—> affirmative action means ‘a policy or program that provides opportunities for traditionally disadvantaged groups to them overcome the effects of discrimination’