In a study described in the textbook, participants memorized either the word reckless or the word adventurous before reading an ambiguous passage about donald in which he was described as engaging in a number of recreational activities (e. g., driving in a demolition derby, white-water rafting) in which he had risked injury and even death. this method was used to study the concept of

I believe the answer is: Priming

Priming refers to a process when exposure to a certain stimulus somehow become an influence of a  response to a subsequent stimulus. The stimulus could be obtained from visual cues, verbal cues, or even between words that have semantics definition.

answer; a cost benefit analysis;

answer; when the government fails to protect the fundamental rights of the people;