The cultural emphasis on personal goals and distinctive expression is described as
a. antisocial.
b. groupthink.
c. individualism.
d. loafing.

The cultural emphasis on personal goals and distinctive expression is described as individualism.

An informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.